Operations at three World War II-era naval sites located on Native Village of Eyak (NVE) tribal lands contributed to surface soil hydrocarbon and heavy metals contamination as well as leaving unsightly and potentially dangerous abandoned structures.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has performed site characterization and restoration on St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska and monitored groundwater for diesel range organics, gasoline range organics, volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, metals, and total dissolved solids at monitoring wells located at multiple sites.

Congress established the Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP) in 2002 to address unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions and munitions constituents located on current and former defense sites.